Exosomes and their Role in Immunity, Metabolic, Cardiovascular, Neurodegeneration, Reproduction and Development

Abstract

Exosomes are produced by an endocytic cellular route which consists of three steps:first: Cellular membranes
invagination forms the endocytic vesicles, then,The inward budding of the endosoma membrane starts at
the second level, and multivesicular bodies emerge.. In third and last step the multivascular bodies combine
with the cell membrane and Produces the substances of the vesicular, exosomes are used to transfer Set
cell prostaglandins to specific cells exosomes Represent a new mode of contact between cells, which in
many biological processes may play a significant role, for example, immune response,Transduction of
signals,antigen presentation- Intercellular communication mediated by exosome Cells usually communicate
with surrounding cells by direct cell-cell touch, involving interaction of the gap between the cell’s surface
proteins and protein c interactions Communicate with regional cells via induction soluble Factors like:
hormones as well as cytokines Improve the transmission of the signals, Electrical and chemical signals. And
also Exosomes may play a role in the process of metabolic conditions and cardiovascular disorders they
were found to hold metabolites and allowing intra - cellular communication by exosomal miRNA exchange
between skeletal muscles , adipose tissue, pancreatic b-cells, and the mouse liver and the human .