Risk Factors of Stunting in Children Aged 6-59 Months: A Case-Control Study in Horticulture Area

Abstract

Background. Stunting is a critical public health problem in Indonesia because it affects cognitive and
physical development and contributes to child mortality. This study aims to identify risk factors for stunting
in children aged 6-59 in the horticultural area. Methods. A case-control study was conducted to compare
previous exposure between stunted children and non-stunted children. Measurements and interviews were
conducted with 160 participants (120 controls and 40 cases), including mothers or caregivers. SPSS was
used for X2 statistical analysis, multiple logistic regression, and odds ratios. Results. The study identified
four risk factors for stunting: children who were born short (AOR = 17.57; 95% CI: 5.02-61.51), LBW
(AOR = 4.35; 95% CI: 1.38-13, 78), and got a low protein intake (AOR = 4.96; 95% CI: 1.22-20.26).
Significantly, a relationship between stunting and access to sanitation was also found (AOR = 6.06; 95%
CI: 1.25-29.35). Conclusion. The risk factors for stunting in children aged 6-59 are related to nutrition
during pregnancy and the child’s quality of food. Nutrition interventions should emphasize improving the
nutritional status of pregnant women and children and women empowering to affect access to resources and
allocations for children’s nutrition.