Pivotal Role of Vitamin D on Periodontium
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.37506/ijfmt.v16i4.18654Keywords:
Alveolar bone metabolism, Immunomodulatory effect, Vitamin D, Vitamin D receptor polymorphism, Wound HealingAbstract
Vitamin D is a fat-soluble vitamin with pleiotropic effects on the body. Major portion of the vitamin is synthesized
in the epidermis under the influence of sunlight. Vitamin D is essential for the maintenance of periodontal
health. It plays an important role in maintaining oral health through bone and mineral metabolism and innate
immunity. While vitamin D deficiency has been associated with periodontitis, little information exists regarding
its effect on wound healing and periodontal surgery outcomes. Vitamin D and its receptor, the vitamin D receptor
(VDR), maintains the integrity of the periodontium. Owing to the immunomodulatory, anti-inflammatory, and
antibacterial properties of 1,25(OH)2 D / VDR signalling, a sufficient serum level of vitamin D is necessary to
maintain proper periodontal health. In cases of established chronic periodontitis, vitamin D supplementation
is associated with reduction in the severity of periodontitis. Vitamin D has a ‘perio-protective’ effect and can
decrease susceptibility to periodontal diseases. This review addresses the basics of Vitamin D metabolism and
underlines the role of Vitamin D on periodontal health, disease, and therapy. The rationale for using vitamin D
supplementation to help maintain periodontal health and as an adjunct to standard periodontal treatment has also
been discussed.
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