Insights Of Cardiac Changes In Sudden Deaths In Kalaburagi District- An Autopsy Study.

Abstract

Introduction: Sudden and unexpected death often arises as a complication of diverse cardiac ailments. The occurrence of sudden cardiac-related deaths is increasingly prevalent in both urban and rural settings. This surge presents a formidable challenge for forensic physicians tasked with conducting autopsies to ascertain the precise cause and manner of death, particularly in individuals previously considered healthy. Consequently, this study aims to shed light on infrequent lesions that may go unnoticed during the individual's lifetime, offering valuable insights into this phenomenon. Aims and Objectives of the study: 1) To study the demographic distribution of cardiac specimens of sudden death. 2) To study the histomorphology features in cardiac specimens in sudden death. 3) To grade the atherosclerotic lesions as per Modified American Heart Association Classification of Atherosclerotic Lesion. Materials and method: This is a retrospective study of 3 years from December 2020 to November 2023.The data of medicolegal autopsies was retrieved from the records of department of Pathology, Gulbarga Institute of Medical Sciences, Kalaburagi. A total of 371 medicolegal autopsy specimens were received in the department. Out of which 114 cardiac specimens (sent with other organs) of sudden death were studied. Results: Out of 114 cases of sudden death, 57% of the deaths occurred in outdoor location and remaining 43% occurred in hospitalized patients and homes. The commonest age group of sudden cardiac death was 31 to 40 years of age (27%). We found males were affected more commonly (84%) than females. The most common cause of sudden cardiac death is coronary artery disease (74.6%) followed by myocardial infarction (7.6%). Conclusion: The most common cause of sudden cardiac death is coronary artery disease, which is common in young males (age group 31-40 years).