Autopsy-Based Cross-Sectional Observational Study On Carotid Artery Injury In Non-Penetrative Neck Trauma

Abstract

Background: Non-penetrative neck trauma poses a significant risk of carotid artery injury, which can lead to severe consequences. Diagnosis of carotid artery injury in non-penetrative trauma remains challenging due to delayed clinical presentation. Research on non-penetrative mechanisms of injury is relatively less common compared to penetrating trauma. This study aims to analyse patterns of vascular injuries in compression injuries to the neck, focusing on non-penetrative trauma. 

Materials and Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted in a Forensic Medicine Department of Government Stanley medical college, Chennai, over a one-year period, analysing 150 cases of non-penetrative neck trauma. Post-mortem data, including gross and histopathological findings, were collected and analysed.

Results & Discussion: Among the 150 cases studied, hanging was the most prevalent cause of blunt cervical trauma. The majority of cases affected individuals were between the age group 21 and 40 years, with male preponderance. Gross examination revealed intimal tears in a proportion of cases, with histopathological examination identifying a higher prevalence of injuries. Posterior knot ligatures were predominant in both complete and partial hanging cases, correlating with a higher incidence of carotid body hemorrhage. The association between posterior knot position and carotid body hemorrhage emphasizes specific vulnerabilities in hanging cases.

Conclusion: The findings of the study emphasize the importance of forensic investigations in identifying vascular injuries, guiding injury prevention strategies, and informing medicolegal proceedings. Further research is needed to enhance diagnostic and management approaches in clinical and forensic practice.