Common Types and Methods of Drug Usage In Iran: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

Authors

  • Hamid Taghinejad1, Ali Khorshidi2, Noorollah Yadeghari3, Walieh Menati4, Rostam Menati5, Aziz Kassani6, Taha Ashayeri

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.37506/ijfmt.v14i1.42

Keywords:

Drug usage, Meta-analysis, Iran

Abstract

Introduction: Drug usage is a prevalent social and health problem in most countries. The highest prevalence of drug abuse has been reported among people aged 30-40 years old. The purpose of this study was to determination of the types of drugs and the methods of drug usage in Iran in a systematic and meta-analysis study.
Methods: This study was performed based on the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines. Databases ofSID, Iran Doc, ISI, Cochrane library, Science direct, PubMed/Medline, and Scopus were independently searched by two researchers using MeSH keywords. Articles published between 2004 and 2018 were recruited.Data was analyzed using random effectsmodel using STATA-SE12 software. Heterogeneity among studies was investigated using, T2 and I2statistical indices.
Results: Initial search retrieved 90 articles from which 7 articles with desirable quality were finally analyzed. Opium was the most common in used narcotic50 %(95% CI: 35-66%) followed by opium extract44%(95% CI: 5-83%), and heroin 19%(95% CI: 12-26%). Using more than one narcotic was observed in 9% (95% CI: 4-15%). The inhalation was the most common method of usage72 %( 95% CI: 61-83%) followed by oral consumption 32%(95% CI: 9-54%) and injection 14%( 95% CI: 05-24%).
Conclusion: Drug abuseis a common phenomenon in Iran. It is amenable to reduce the tendency to using drugs by providing appropriate training, informing the risks of drug abuse, and identifying and educating high-risk groups.

Author Biography

  • Hamid Taghinejad1, Ali Khorshidi2, Noorollah Yadeghari3, Walieh Menati4, Rostam Menati5, Aziz Kassani6, Taha Ashayeri

    1Department of Nursing, Faculty of Nursing and Midwifery, 2Assistant Professor of Epidemiology, School of Medicine, Psychosocial Injuries Research Center, 3Assistant Professor of Psychiatry, School of Medicine, Psychosocial Injuries Research Center, Shahid Mostafa Khomaeini Hospital, 4MSc of Epidemiology, Student Research Commitstee, 5Psychosocial Injuries Research Center, Ilam University of Medical sciences, Ilam, Iran, 6Assistant Professor of Epidemiology, Department of Community Medicine, School of Medicine, Dezful University of Medical Sciences, Iran, 7PHD of Sociology, Psychosocial Injuries Research Center, Ilam University of Medical Sciences, Ilam, Iran

Downloads

Published

2020-01-16

How to Cite

Common Types and Methods of Drug Usage In Iran: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. (2020). Indian Journal of Forensic Medicine & Toxicology, 14(1), 207-212. https://doi.org/10.37506/ijfmt.v14i1.42