Central Giant Cell Granuloma of Right Mandible Post Extraction: A Case Report
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Abstract
BACKGROUND: The World Health Organisation describes Central Giant Cell Granuloma (CGCG) as an intraosseous
lesion made up of cellular fibrous tissue with several hemorrhage foci, aggregations of multinucleated
giant cells, and some woven bone trabeculae1. These tumours are more common in the mandible than in the
maxilla, making for 7% of all benign tumours of the jaw.The cause is unknown, although potential causes in-clude
inflammatory foci, trauma, or genetic predisposition. Aggressive and non-aggressive CGCG subtypes are
recognised. The most prevalent kind, known as the non-aggressive variation, manifests as a painless lesion that
grows slowly and expands the cortical bone. Conversely, younger individuals may present with severe giant cell
granulomas that have the following characteristics: they may be larger than 5 cm, expand quickly, exhibit root
resorption, cause tooth displacement that results in malocclusion, thin or puncture the cortical bone, or recur
after curettage.The presented case is an aggressive variant of CGCG.
Introduction: In the craniofacial region, particularly in the jaw bones, Central Giant Cell Granuloma (CGCG) is an
uncommon, histologically benign, but locally aggressive and destructive osteolytic disease of osteoclastic origin. A
rapid diagnostic assessment, together with adequate histopathologic verification, is essential to improve the
management and prognosis of this locally destructive lesion. This post-extraction development is unusual, as
CGCGs are typically not associated with recent dental extractions, adding complexity to the diagnostic process.
The lesion exhibited aggressive growth within a short period, necessitating prompt intervention. This case contributes
to the literature by highlighting the potential for CGCG to manifest in extraction sites, which may necessitate
a re-evaluation of post-extraction monitoring protocols. Future research could explore the factors that predispose
extraction sites to CGCG formation, as well as the long-term outcomes of different surgical techniques.
Observation: A rare case of a large destructive CGCG involving the right mandible, causing extensive bony resorption
as well as cortical expansion with perforations, in a 29-year-old male is presented. It was diagnosed and
treated successfully to preserve the continuity of the mandible
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