International Journal of Nursing Care is a double blind peer reviewed indexed international journal which has commenced its publication from January 2013. The journal is half yearly in frequency. The journal covers all aspects of nursing care. The journal has been assigned ISSN 2320-8643 (Print Version) and ISSN 2320-8651 (Online Version). The journal is indexed in many international data bases. The International Journal of Nursing Care (IJONC) is indexed in numerous prestigious international databases, including Google Scholar, EBSCOhost, and Scilit. This is an open access journal which means that all content is freely available without charge to the user or his/her institution. Users are allowed to read, download, copy, distribute, print, search, or link to the full texts of the articles, or use them for any other lawful purpose, without asking prior permission from the publisher or the author. This is in accordance with the BOAI definition of open access.
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Factors Influencing Delay in Treatment-Seeking Among Adults with Acute Ischemic Stroke: A Retrospective Case-Control Study at Selected Private Hospital, Coimbatore, Tamil Nadu
Background: Acute ischemic stroke (AIS) is a leading cause of death and long-term disability worldwide. Timely intervention, particularly thrombolysis within the 4.5-hour therapeutic window, can significantly improve outcomes. In India, however, pre-hospital delays frequently prevent patients from receiving time-sensitive treatment. Objective: To examine demographic, clinical, cognitive, and social factors associated with delays in seeking treatment among adults diagnosed with AIS. Methods: A retrospective case-control study was conducted among 105 AIS patients admitted to private hospital, Coimbatore. Patients were categorized into within-window (<4.5 hours; n = 39) and after-window (>4.5 hours; n = 66) groups. Data were collected using structured questionnaires, the Duke Social Support and Stress Scale (DUSOCS), and the NIH Stroke Scale (NIHSS). Statistical analysis included Chi-square tests and logistic regression; significance was set at p ≤ 0.05. Results: The mean time to hospital arrival was 7 hours 47 minutes (SD = 5 h 33 m), with 62.9% presenting after the 4.5- hour window. Delayed presentation was significantly associated with poor stroke knowledge (p = 0.01), low perceived seriousness of symptoms (p < 0.001), inadequate non-family support (p < 0.001), and coexisting hypertension and diabetes (p = 0.005). Patients presenting after the window had higher rates of moderate-to-severe strokes (NIHSS: 50%) compared to those presenting within the window (2.6%). Conclusion: Delays in treatment were primarily attributable to inadequate symptom recognition, underestimation of severity, limited social support, and transport barriers. Public awareness initiatives, strengthened emergency medical services, and enhanced community support systems are essential to reducing pre-hospital delays in AIS care
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Prevalence and Determinants of Obesity and the Impact of an Educational Intervention on Obesity Management Knowledge among Adolescents in Selected Salem Schools
A Study was done to assess the prevalence and associated factors of obesity and evaluate the effectiveness of an educational package on knowledge regarding obesity Management among Obese Adolescents in selected Schools, Salem. The subjects were adolescents, who are studying in 8th and 9th standard aged 13 and 14 years. Non Experimental Descriptive Survey and Quasi Experimental Research Design were used for the phase -I & phase-II respectively. During phase-I, based on BMI calculation prevalence of obese adolescents were identified and as30 subjects for experimental and control group. Using rating scale the associated factors of obesity were assessed and closed ended questionnaire was used to assess the knowledge regarding obesity management. The results of phase-I shows that majority 22(73%) of them had moderate risk of obesity. The results of phase II revealsthe estimated ‘t’ value is 13.47 is significantly higher than table value 3.46 at p≤0.001 level. Hence the Educational Interventional Package is significantly effective in gaining adequate knowledge regarding obesity management among obese adolescents in experimental group and control group. Also study results showed there was a significant association between gender and the post-test scores on knowledge regarding obesity management among obese adolescents in experimental group at p≤0.05 level.
Parental Phubbing Among Mothers of School Age Children and it’s Risk for Child’s Behavioral Problems
The present study assessed parental phubbing among mothers of school-age children and its risk for behavioral problems. Objectives included determining the level of parental phubbing, assessing children’s behavioral risk, finding the correlation between the two, and identifying associations with socio-personal variables. The study was based on Nola Pender’s Health Promotion Model and used a descriptive design. It was conducted in the Pediatric OPD of KIMSHEALTH among 120 mothers selected through consecutive sampling. Data were collected using a structured questionnaire, the Spanish version of the Phubbing Scale, and SAEBRS. Results showed that 2.5% had mild, 63.3% moderate, and 34.2% severe phubbing. The mean behavioral problem score was 29.08 ± 8.738, indicating a significant risk. A negative correlation was found between parental phubbing and children’s behavioral outcomes. Significant associations were observed with mother’s age, number of children, education, type of family, and phone usage (p < 0.05). The study concluded that parental phubbing poses a significant risk (77.5%) for behavioral problems in school-age children.
A Study to Assess the Effectiveness of Medicated Sitz bath on Episiotomy Healing of Postnatal Mothers
Background: Episiotomy pain and delayed wound healing can interfere with the daily activities and comfort of postnatal mothers. Effective, low-cost nursing interventions are needed to promote healing and prevent complications. Objectives: To evaluate the effectiveness of a medicated sitz bath on episiotomy wound healing among postnatal mothers. To determine the association between pre-test episiotomy healing scores and selected demographic variables. Methods: A quasi-experimental pre-test and post-test control group design was adopted. The study was conducted among 60 postnatal mothers who had normal vaginal delivery with episiotomy at a selected hospital in Kollam. Purposive sampling was used to assign 30 mothers to the experimental group and 30 to the control group. Episiotomy wound healing was assessed using the REEDA scale. The experimental group received medicated sitz bath twice daily for three days, while the control group received routine perineal care. Data were analyzed using descriptive and inferential statistics, including the Mann–Whitney U test. Results: The pre-test mean REEDA score in the experimental group was 1.53 (SD = 1.57), which reduced to 0.27 (SD = 0.58) in the post-test, indicating significant improvement in wound healing. The Mann–Whitney U test showed a statistically significant difference between the experimental and control groups (Z = 6.18, p < 0.01). Conclusion: Medicated sitz bath was found to be an effective, simple, and economical intervention for promoting episiotomy wound healing among postnatal mothers. It can be safely incorporated into routine postnatal care to enhance recovery and prevent complications.
An Exploratory Study To Assess The Utilization Of Contraceptive Methods And Their Effectiveness Among Women In A Selected Community
This exploratory study evaluated contraceptive utilisation, effectiveness, and influencing factors among married women in a semi-urban community of Delhi, India. Using a structured questionnaire, the research examined contraceptive choices, family planning knowledge, and decision-making within households. Results revealed 97.5% of participants had good contraceptive utilisation, while only 0.75% reported poor use. Effectiveness was high, with 97% avoiding unintended pregnancies. Significant associations were found between contraceptive use and demographic factors such as monthly income, access to healthcare, and prior sources of contraception information (p < 0.05). Findings highlight the success of government family planning schemes and the influence of socio-cultural and economic factors on contraceptive behaviour. This study contributes valuable insights to reproductive health policy, education, and community-based interventions in India.
Copyright (c) 2026 Honey Gangadharan, Sheeba P Joseph, Clarice Adeline Lyngdoh https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0
Assessing Oncology Nurses’ Knowledge about Physical Exercise for Cancer Patients under Treatment: A Cross -sectional study.
Background; Cancer is a major health crisis worldwide. Advanced cancer treatment improves patients’ survival rate; however, the quality of life (QOL) is compromised due to treatment side effects. Cancer-related-fatigue (CRF) is frequently experienced (80-90%). At the study site, quality department audit report shows frequent interruption during cancer treatment due to high CRF levels. In 2021, a total of 188 patients withheld their radiation treatment due to CRF. No published study found sufficiently addressing oncology nurses’ knowledge level on the benefits of PE for cancer patients during treatment in Kingdom of Bahrain. Study aimed to assess the current knowledge level of oncology nurses regarding the PE for cancer patients undergoing treatment: Objectives/purpose: This study was to measure the associations between participants’ demographic characteristics and their level of knowledge regarding PE for patients with cancer. The study aimed to assess the current knowledge level of oncology nurses regarding the PE for cancer patients undergoing treatment. Methods: An online questionnaire, adopted from Roberta Anderson, was administered to assess oncology nurses’ knowledge. Online survey shared with all oncology nurses (324 nurses) chosen through convenience sampling for the descriptive cross- sectional study at the Oncology Center in Bahrain. 185 responses out of the 244 recorded were effectively completed and analyzed. Data was analyzed using SPSS version 25; descriptive analyses were utilized to describe the demographic characteristics and level of knowledge, and parametric inferential statistics was used to measure the association between variables. The Results: Sample size offers 177 participants (5% margin error and 95% confidence level). Participants demonstrated low level of knowledge (42.2%) regarding PE for oncology patients. Demographic characteristics were not associated with the knowledge level. Firstly, the statistical analysis showed a weak correlation between participants’ knowledge level and length of clinical experience (p<0.0001). Secondly, the correlation between the length of the oncology clinical experience and participant’s knowledge indicated weak correlation (p=0.006). Finally, participants who reported to have received previous training on PE for cancer patients scored significantly higher (p=0.020). Conclusion and Implementation: The study has successfully assessed the current knowledge level of oncology nurses on PE benefits for cancer patients. The statistical treatment of data has demonstrated the correlations between the dimensions explored. The study result will incorporate evidence-based guidelines on PE for cancer patients into formal education programmes to be implemented as strategy.
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Work-stress Related Factors & intention to leave among oncology nurses in Bahrain
Oncology nursing is a challenging profession characterized by high emotional and physical demands. Nurses in this field frequently encounter unique stressors that can adversely affect their well-being and job performance, leading to high turnover rates and compromised patient care. This study investigates the work stress and turnover intentions experienced by oncology nurses in a Bahrain oncology centre. Using a cross-sectional descriptive design, data were collected from registered oncology nurses providing direct care to cancer patients through a convenience sampling method. Participants were recruited from various inpatient and ambulatory oncology units, and all eligible nurses were invited via email. The study utilized a structured questionnaire consisting of three sections: demographic and professional characteristics, the Revised Nursing Stress Scale (RNSS) to evaluate stressors, and the Nurses' Turnover Intention Scale (TIS-6) to assess turnover intentions. Ethical approval was obtained, ensuring participant anonymity and informed consent. Data were analysed using SPSS version 26.0, applying descriptive statistics and various statistical tests to explore relationships between variables. Results revealed significant work stress among oncology nurses, driven by factors such as high workloads, emotional demands, inadequate staffing, and ethical dilemmas. The findings highlight the critical nature of work stress in oncology nursing, underscoring its implications for both nurse well-being and patient care quality. Understanding the factors contributing to this stress is essential for developing effective interventions aimed at enhancing nurse resilience and improving care outcomes. This study emphasizes the need for further research and targeted strategies to mitigate work-related stress among oncology nurses.
Perceived Stigma associated with Tuberculosis (TB) among patients and attitude of Caregivers towards affected person in selected areas of Surat district, Gujarat
Introduction: Tuberculosis (TB), caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis, primarily affects the lungs and is a leading cause of global mortality, total of 1.25 million people died from tuberculosis (TB) in 2023 (including 161 000 people with HIV). The disease disproportionately impacts low- and middle-income countries, with a significant burden among men. TB spreads through airborne transmission, but most exposed individuals do not develop active disease. Stigma plays a crucial role in shaping societal attitudes towards TB, affecting patients and their families through fear of discrimination and exclusion. This study examines perceived TB stigma among patients and their household contacts. Methodology: This cross-sectional study employed a quantitative approach to assess perceived stigma associated with tuberculosis (TB) among patients and evaluate caregivers’ attitudes towards affected individuals in Bardoli taluka. Using the Raosoft sample size calculator, 148 TB patients undergoing DOT therapy were recruited through non-probability purposive sampling. Inclusion criteria were patients over 18 who understood Gujarati, Hindi, or English, while those with deafness and dumbness and mentally challenged were excluded. Data collection involved socio-demographic and medical information, as well as the Modified Explanatory Model Interview Catalogue (MEMIC) stigma scale for patients and the Explanatory Model Interview Catalogue (EMIC) for caregivers. Data were collected via face-to-face interviews from May 28 to July 3, 2024, each lasting 15-20 minutes. Result: The study finds that most TB patients are young, male (56.1%), married (77.0%), and Hindu (88.5%), with many laborers earning Rs. 5001–10,000 (42.6%). Nearly all have pulmonary TB (98.6%) and high treatment compliance (89.2%). Stigma is prevalent, with 35.8% hiding their condition, 46.6% feeling a loss of self-respect, and 38.5% experiencing shame. Caregivers, mostly females (58.8%), share similar concerns. The mean stigma score is 20.76 (SD = 6.41), with a moderate positive correlation (r = 0.587) between stigma and caregiver attitudes. While stigma is not linked to patient demographics, caregiver attitudes significantly vary with income. Conclusion: Based on the findings of the study, it was concluded that the stigma negatively impacts family dynamics and employment. Stigma level linked to care giver’s perceptions of TB care.
Strengthening Primary Healthcare: ASHA Workers’ Role in Service Delivery and Quality
Purpose: This study examines the role of ASHA workers in enhancing rural healthcare services and assesses the impact of ASHA schemes in selected villages. The study hypothesised that acceptability, counselling, availability and support services are significantly contributing to service delivery. further service delivery has significant impact on quality of health services. Furthermore the mediating role of service delivery between four drivers and quality of health services is also assessed to develop various strategies that can contribute to strengthening primary healthcare. Both primary and secondary data sources were utilized, with primary data collected through a self-structured questionnaire and in-depth interviews. Using purposive sampling, 90 respondents from ten villages participated, with responses measured on a five-point Likert scale. Data analysis was conducted using the PLS technique. Findings:The findings reveal that acceptability and counselling significantly influence service delivery, while availability and support services do not. Additionally, service delivery significantly impacts the quality of healthcare services. To assess the mediating role of service delivery, Baron and Kenny’s (1986)1 procedure was applied. The results indicate that service delivery mediates the relationships between counselling and healthcare quality, as well as between acceptability and healthcare quality. However, no mediating effect was found between availability and healthcare quality, nor between support services and healthcare quality. Implications:By identifying these key factors, the research provides valuable insights for policymakers and healthcare administrators to refine ASHA training programs, prioritize counselling initiatives, and strengthen community engagement strategies, ultimately enhancing the effectiveness of rural healthcare services.
Factors Affecting Medication Adherence in Patients with Heart Failure: A Systematic Review
Background: This research aims to identify the key factors influencing medication adherence among individuals diagnosed with heart failure Methods: we searched PUBMED, Web of Science, and Scopus from January 2014 to October 2024 to locate the most recent original cross-sectional studies that addressed the factors affecting medication adherence in patients with heart failure. Conclusion: The initial search identified 123 studies, of which we included 15 qualitative studies in the systematic review. We categorized the factors as patient-specific, disease- and treatment-specific, demographic-related, and psychologicalrelated. Education level, socioeconomic status, comorbidity, polypharmacy, marital status, depression and anxiety, patientprovider relationships, self-efficacy, health literacy, and forgetfulness appeared to be the factors affecting medication adherence in patients with heart failure from the studies.
A Comparative Study to Assess the Nutritional Status of Preschool Childern in Selected Rural and Urban Areas, Of Fatehgarh Sahib, Punjab
ABSTRACT Malnutrition is like an iceberg, most people in the developing countries live under the burden of malnutrition. Pregnant women, nursing mother and children are particularly vulnerable to the effects of malnutrition. Malnutrition is widely prevalent among weaned infants and preschool children. The aim of the present study is to assess the nutritional status of urban and rural preschool children. OBJECTIVES (1) To Assess the nutritional status of rural area preschool children. (2) To assess the nutritional status of urban area preschool children. (3) To compare nutritional status among rural and urban area preschool children. (4) To determine associations between nutritional status of rural and urban preschool children with selected socio demographic variables. (5) To develop pamphlet regarding recommended daily allowance for preschool children. DESIGN: Non experimental comparative design was selected for the study. APPROACH: A descriptive survey approach was used. SUBJECTS: The participants were 120 preschool children, 60 from saunti (rural) and 60 from gobindgarh (urban), Punjab. METHOD: A purposive sampling technique was used to select the sample for study. DATA COLLECTION TOOL: An interview schedule and observation check list was used to collect data from the subjects. DATAANALYSIS: The obtained data was analysed using descriptive and inferential statistics and interpreted in terms of objectives and hypothesis of the study. The level of significance was set 0.05 levels. RESULTS: The researcher found the rural preschool children nutritional status 66.7% (40) had moderate nutritional status and 33.3% (20) had adequate nutritional status. Regarding urban preschool children nutritional status, 30.0% (18) had moderate nutritional status, and 70.0% (42) had adequate nutritional status. CONCLUSION: From the analysis report the researcher concluded that there is significant difference between nutritional status of urban and rural preschool children and distributed pamphlet regarding RDA to mothers of preschool children with a view to improve the nutritional status.
Assessment of Care Giver Burden and Coping Strategies among Care Givers of Elderly
Introduction: Caregiver burden is experienced by a person who is taking care of a disabled or chronically ill, and an old age person in the family. Many caregivers experience burdens and using various coping strategies in their day-to-day life. Objectives: The objective of the study was to assess the burden, coping strategies, correlation and association among care givers of elderly with their selected demographic variables. Methods: By using convenient sampling technique 303 caregivers were recruited in the selected villages of Bardoli, Gujarat. After obtaining written consent caregivers was interviewed. The data was collected on Elderlies and Caregiver’s socio- demographic data, Zarit Caregiver Burden Assessment and Brief COPE tools. Results: Most of them 181 (66.0%) caregivers had moderate level of burden and 92(30%) had high burden and only 30 (10%) of care giver had mild burden. The 10% of the samples had low levels of coping, 30% high levels, and 60% of them with medium levels of coping orientation towards the elderly care. There was moderately positive correlation found between caregiver burden and coping strategies. There was a significant association between care giver burden with their age, care giver relation and time given of care giving. The study revealed that there was a significant association between care giver coping orientation with their age and occupation. Conclusion: The caregiver’s burden is more common among caregivers who care for elderly. Caregivers had been found by using avoidant coping strategies more than problem oriented coping strategies. The Caregiver burden and its impact with various coping strategies need to be explored in detail and measures need to be taken to reduce their burden.
Effectiveness of Calf Muscle Stretching Exercise on leg Cramps among Antenatal Mothers Attending a Tertiary Care Centre Thiruvananthapuram
Background: Leg cramps during pregnancy is a common discomfort characterized by involuntary, painful contraction of muscle groups that usually occur in the calf or small muscles of the foot but can affect different part of the leg. The severity of the leg cramp pain is variable and each attack may take few minutes. 1 The prevalence of leg cramps occurred among 30% to 50% of pregnant women. Leg cramping means painful spasm especially in the lower extremities occurs during pregnancy and mainly occurred in the second half of pregnancy typically occurs at night and usually lasts for a few seconds or 2 minutes. 2 Materials and Methods:The objective of the present study was to assess the effectiveness of calf muscle stretching exercise on leg cramps among antenatal mothers. The research approach adopted for the study was quantitative approach and the research design was quasi experimental pre-test post- test control group design. Sample size was 80 and the samples who satisfied the inclusion and exclusion criteria were selected consecutively. Informed consent was obtained from those participants who were willing to participate in the study. The investigator collected socio demographic data, clinical data and history of leg cramps by a self- prepared semi structured questionnaire and intensity of leg cramps was assessed using numeric pain rating scale. The investigator demonstrated the stretching exercise and provided with a diary to note down the intensity, duration and frequency of leg cramps and the post-test was conducted after two weeks. Results: The collected data was analyzed using SPSS version 22 and description of participants based on socio demographic data, clinical data and history of leg cramps were analyzed using percentage and frequencies and the effectiveness of calf muscle stretching exercise on frequency and duration of leg cramps among experimental and control group was analyzed using chi-square test and the calculated p value was &lt;0.05, it was concluded that calf muscle stretching exercise was effective in reducing frequency and duration of leg cramps among experimental group also the effectiveness of calf muscle stretching exercise on intensity of leg cramps was analyzed by independent t-test. It was found that the mean difference in NPRS score in the experimental was 2.03±0.66 and in the control group was 0.35±1.14 and the calculated p value was &lt;0.05. Conclusion: calf muscle stretching exercise is effective in reducing intensity of leg cramps among antenatal mothers.
Assessment of the Knowledge regarding Ventilator Care Bundle among Final Year BSc. Nursing Students of Mysuru City
Background: Ventilator-associated pneumonia (VAP) is nosocomial pneumonia found in 9–27% of patients on mechanically assisted ventilator and is also a major threat to the recovery of patients receiving mechanical ventilation. It usually occurs within 48 h after tracheal intubation. Preventing VAP is one of the important safety issues in critically ill patients receiving mechanical ventilation. Intensive care nurses are in the best position to put the evidence-based guidelines into practice as they are at the patient’s bedside 24 hours a day and therefore, they play an important role in the prevention of VAP. Knowledgeable and skilled nurses are crucial in providing patient care, timely and correct decision minimizes the risks to patient. 1 Prevention and control of ventilator associated pneumonia are dependent on education and awareness of ICU staff towards the problem and on the application of evidence-based strategies. Aim: The aim of the present study was to assess the knowledge regarding ventilator care bundle among Final year BSc. Nursing students of selected nursing colleges at Mysuru city Design: Descriptive, non-experimental research design Sample and sampling technique: Convenience sampling technique was adopted to select 60 final year BSc nursing students of selected nursing colleges at Mysuru city. Structured Knowledge questionnaire was used to assess the selected personal variables and to assess the knowledge regarding ventilator care bundle among final year BSc nursing students. Results: The study findings revealed that Majority 19(75%) of nursing students got information through health personnels, 05(25%) from electronic mass media and study findings also revealed the findings revealed that majority 41(68.4%) B.SC nursing students had average knowledge. Conclusion: Analysis of findings revealed that majority nursing students 50(83.3%) had average knowledge regarding ventilator care bundle. Hence there is need to conduct educational programme to enhance the knowledge and develop desirable attitude regarding Preventing the ventilator associated pneumonia.
The Effectiveness of Planned Teaching Programme on Knowledge Regarding Arterial Blood Gas Analysis among Undergraduate Nursing Students in Jhalawar District
An Arterial Blood Gas (ABG) test is a relatively swift and low-risk method that helps healthcare professionals obtain information on oxygen saturation, acid-base balance, partial pressure of oxygen, partial pressure of carbon dioxide, metabolic parameters, and arterial oxygen saturation 1 OBJECTIVES 1. To assess the existing knowledge regarding Arterial Blood Gas (ABG) analysis among undergraduate nursing students at a selected nursing college. 2. To evaluate the effectiveness of a planned teaching program on Arterial Blood Gas (ABG) analysis among undergraduate nursing students at a selected nursing college. 3. To determine the association between pre-test knowledge scores and selected demographic variables. Material and Method: A quasi-experimental one-group pre-test post-test design was used. A total of 125 samples were selected using the probability simple random sampling method. A structured questionnaire consisting of 30 items was administered as a pre-test on the first day, followed by planned teaching, and a post-test was conducted on the seventh day. The reliability coefficient (r) of the questionnaire was 0.80, which is greater than 0.7, indicating that it was reliable. The conceptual framework was based on the Adaptation Theory developed by Sr. Callista Roy (1976), incorporating input, processes, effectors, output, and feedback. Result and Conclusion: In the results of the structured questionnaire, it was found that 29.6% of undergraduate nursing students had poor knowledge, 65.6% had average knowledge, and 4.8% had good knowledge regarding Arterial Blood Gas (ABG) analysis. The post-test knowledge score findings showed an improvement in the knowledge of undergraduate nursing students regarding ABG analysis. After the intervention, 41.6% of undergraduate nursing students had average knowledge, while 54.4% had good knowledge scores regarding ABG analysis. This suggests a marked increase in post-test knowledge scores, indicating that the planned teaching was effective. The chi-square test computed between pre-test knowledge and selected variables showed that knowledge was not dependent on age, gender, qualification, or previous knowledge.
Relationship Between Nutritional Status And Socioeconomic Status Among Preschoolers
Background: Nutrition is the foundation to ensure good health. Optimum nutrition is an integral component of paediatric health care1. Good nutrition is essential to good health throughout life, beginning with parental life and extending through old age2. The nutritional status is influenced by a complex interaction between internal or constitutional factors and external environmental factors. Internal or constitutional factors may be age, gender, nutrition, behaviour, physical activity and disease whereas external environmental factors may be food safety, cultural and socioeconomic factors3. Materials and Methods: This study was conducted to assess the relationship between nutritional status and socioeconomic status among preschoolers of selected Anganwadis at Varkala Municipality. Quantitative correlational research design was adopted for the study. Two hundred and fifty preschoolers were selected using convenience sampling technique. Data collection tool was structured questionnaire to collect sociodemographic variables, Modified kuppuswamy socioeconomic scale to assess socioeconomic status. Nutritional status was assessed based on weight for age, height for age and mid arm circumference. Results: The relationship between nutritional status and socioeconomic status was computed by using correlation coefficient, there was a significant correlation found between nutritional status based on weight for age with socioeconomic status (r = 0.150, p<0.05), on the basis of height for age there was a negative correlation found with socioeconomic status and based on mid arm circumference there was no correlation found with socioeconomic status. The chi-square value showed that there was significant association found between nutritional status based on weight for age and mother’s age, birth weight (p<0.05), history of recurrent infections (p<0.001), on the basis of height for age association was found with child’s age, area of residence (p<0.01), and type of family (p< 0.05) and with regard to Mid arm circumference association was found with age of child (p<0.001) and religion (p<0.05). Conclusion: There is a relationship between nutritional status and socioeconomic status based on weight for age
Child Rearing Practices Among Working and Non Working Mothers Of Under Five at Selected Hospital, Salem
Parenting is considered as important factor for child’s development and well being. It is mother who is considered responsible for developing positive attitude, behavior and inculcating positive abilities in their children. This helps the children to have an understanding of right and wrong and to become good and successful human beings. Working women thus have a tough task of professional obligation along with taking care and nurturing their children from early age to adolescent. Although they are able to fulfill financial needs of their children but, still they are not able to give as much time and care as given by non-working mothers 4 .A quantitative evaluative research approach with Non experimental survey research design was used to conduct the study among 40 (20 working & 20 non working mothers) at Sri Gokulam Hospital, Salem using Purposive sampling technique . Descriptive check list was used to collect the data. The results of the study shows that majority of non working mothers 19 (95%) and working mothers 16 (80%) had satisfactory Child Rearing Practices whereas 4 working mothers (20%) and only one non working mother (5%) had un satisfactory Child Rearing Practices. The higher mean score percentage (72%) was found among non working mothers with the mean difference of 2 and significant difference (t value = 7.28) was found between working and non working mothers on child rearing practices. There was significant association found between only with education of the working mother and child rearing practices.
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The Critical Problems Facing Nursing Care in African Countries
As study after study has pointed out, the health care systems in Africa pay little attention to the critical interface between education and good health, especially when it comes to the education of women and mothers, who are the primary line of defense against child diseases, and perform simultaneously most domestic chores and critical agricultural activities. While many medical educational institutions on the continent tend to perpetuate, at times, skewed and irrelevant Eurocentric health training, the national pyramidal health structure, weakened at the village level, and disproportionately favoring the provincial and national hospitals, gives the illusion that rural areas are well-served, when in actuality they are not. This chapter endorses the restrengthening of an uncompromised health care system to make it effective and efficient for both rural and urban areas; one that finds ways of trimming financial and human resource waste; revamps the institutions that train health care and service providers to make the system responsive to the real health needs of the people and not just the wealthy; one that compensates physicians just as civil servants; and aligns the educational system with targeted and expected measurable health outcomes.
Effectiveness of Video Assisted Teaching Programme on Knowledge Regarding Technique of Breast Self Examination Among Adolescent Girls at Maharani’s Science College, Mysore
The study was conducted to determine the level of knowledge on the Technique of Breast Self-Examination among adolescent girls. One group pre-test and post-test design without a control group with an evaluative research approach was used. It was conducted at Maharani’s Science College, Mysore. Selected 50 adolescent girls by using the Purposive Sampling Technique. The Findings revealed that the effectiveness of VATP in the post-test knowledge score was 43.72% (Mean - 21.86) of subjects was significantly higher than the mean percentage of pre-test knowledge of 25.56% (Mean - 12.78), Hence, the findings 2 suggest that the calculated paired “t” test value (2.04) was more than the table values 1.96 at 0.05, The findings related to the association between the post-test level of Knowledge and selected demographic variables revealed that non-significant in the Type of family - χ 2 = 0.56, P&gt;0.05, Religion - χ 2 = 2.37, P&gt;0.05, Family monthly income- χ 2 =2.07, P&lt;0.05, Food pattern- χ 2 =2021, P&lt;0.05, Source of health-related information - χ 2 =6.16, P&lt;0.05. were less than the table value (χ2 = 3.841) under respective degrees of freedom. Therefore the hypothesis (H 2 ) was rejected and concluded that there is no significant association between these variables and the pre-test level of knowledge.The Video Assisted Teaching Programme has been effective in increasing the knowledge of Aoloscent.
Pilot study to evaluate the Effectiveness of Novel Designed Nebulizer (NDN) on Compliance among Preschoolers undergoing nebulization in selected Hospital, Salem
The present pilot study is as a part of Ph.D. Programme under THE TAMILNADU Dr. M.G.R Medical University. The study was designed to assess the effectiveness of Novel Designed Nebulizer (NDN) Compliance among Preschoolers undergoing nebulization in selected Hospital, Salem. Quasi experimental research design was adopted. 20 children (10 experimental, 10 control group) who were admitted in pediatric wards with respiratory conditions and receiving nebulization between the age group of 3 to 6 years were selected by purposive sampling. Nebulization was given to experimental group with Novel Designed Nebulizer (NDN) and control group with routine nebulization. The results showed that the post test scores reveal that experimental group all 10(10%) the preschoolers were having high level of compliance and in control group all 10(10%) the preschoolers were having Medium level of compliance to nebulization procedure.The Friedman test value is 9.235 which is greater than the table value which indicates that the Novel designed nebulization is effective in increasing the compliance in experimental group. Overall mean and SD in Experimental group is 2.31±0.23and the overall mean and SD in control group is 4.19 ±0.46. The mean difference is 1.88. The Z value is 3.800 which is higher than the table value which shows that the Novel designed nebulization is effective in improving the compliance among Preschoolers in experimental group.
A Cross Sectional Study to Assess the Awareness and Practice Regarding Iron Deficiency Anaemia and its Prevention Among Adolescent Girls of Selected Schools of Bardoli
Introduction: Anaemia is a state in which the concentration of haemoglobin or red blood cells number is less than normal within the body.1Objectives of the study were to assess the awareness and practice regarding Iron deficiencyanaemia and its prevention among school adolescent girls and to find out the correlation between mean score of awareness and practice. Methodology: A quantitative study approach and cross-sectional research design was adopted to assess the awareness and practice regarding iron deficiency anaemia and its prevention among adolescent girls. The sample consisted of 237 girls who were school going adolescents. The samples were selected using non probability consecutive sampling technique. The data was collected through the administration of structured questionnaire, which consists of 14 demographic questions, 20 knowledge questions and 20 practice questions (checklist). Data was analysed by using statistical and inferential methods. Result: This study results revealed that, 11% of samples had good awareness where as 17% of samples had poor awareness and three percent of samples had good practice where as 13% of samples had poor practice regarding Iron deficiency anaemia and its prevention. The correlation between mean score of awareness and practicewere 9.07 and 8.74. Conclusion: Based on the findings of the study, it was concluded that the samples were having less awareness and practice regarding iron deficiency anaemia and its prevention. Interventional measures will help to improve their practice and awareness.
The Factors Affecting Productivity in Healthcare Sector
Purpose: Due to increasing cost pressures, and the necessity to ensure high quality patient care while maintaining a safe environment for patients and staff, interest in the capacity for HRM practices to make a difference has piqued the attention of healthcare professionals. The purpose of this papers is to present and test a model whereby engagement mediates the relationship between four HRM practices and quality of care and safety in two different occupational groups in healthcare, namely, nurses and administrative support workers. Design/methodology/approach: Structural equation modeling was used to analyze questionnaire data collected by the National Health Service as part of their Staff Survey .The authors tested the hypotheses for nurses and administrative support workers separately. Findings: Training, participation in decision making, opportunities for development, and communication were positively related to quality of care and safety via work engagement. The strength of the relationships was conditional on whether an employee was a nurse or administrative support worker. Originality/value: This is the first paper to examine the mediating role of engagement on the relationship between four relevant HRM practices in the healthcare context, and outcomes important to healthcare practitioners. The authors also add value to the HRM literature by being among the first to use the job demands resources model to explain the impact of HRM practices on performance outcomes. Moreover, the authors provide insight into how HRM practices affect outcomes in the world’s largest publicly funded healthcare service
Copyright (c) 2024 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0
Level of Self Esteem among Children of Alcoholic and Non Alcoholic Parents
The National Association of Children of Alcoholics estimates that there are 11 millions children of alcoholics under the age of 18 years. A study was conducted to assess level of self esteem among children of alcoholic & non alcoholic parents. The objectives were to assess, compare and find out the association between the level of self esteem and socio personal data. Methodology adopted for the study was descriptive comparative design with multistage sampling. Sample size was 128. Structured questionnaire was used to collect socio personal data of participants and Children of Alcoholics Screening test was used to identify children of alcoholic and non alcoholic parents. After that the standardized tool State Self Esteem Scale was used to assess the level of self esteem The study findings revealed that in children of alcoholic parents group, 82.8% (53) were having poor self esteem and 17.2% (11) were having good self esteem where as in children of non alcoholic parents group, 78.1% (50) were having good self esteem and 21.9% (14) were having poor self esteem. On the basis of comparison between the level of self esteem among children of alcoholic and non alcoholic parents, revealed that there is statistically significant difference between level of self esteem score among children of alcoholic and non alcoholic parents group.
Effect of Tensing Toe Relaxation Technique on Test Anxiety among B.Sc Nursing 1st Year Students in Selected Colleges, Bhubaneswar, Odisha
Background: Test anxiety is a psychological condition that causes extreme stress and anxiety in exam situations. Students feel stress and anxiety before exams. It can disrupt their learning and lead to poor performance. Relaxation techniques, like tensing toe relaxation, are the most effective non-pharmacological techniques for reducing stress because they affect mental and physical states like depression, mood, anxiety, and self-blaming. Objective: To evaluate the effect of the tensing toe relaxation technique on test anxiety among first-year B.S. nursing students and the association of the level of test anxiety with their selected demographic variables. Methods: The Quasi-experimental research study was conducted in two selected colleges in Bhubaneswar, Odisha, among B. Sc. Nursing 1st year students. Thirty-four (34) students were selected for each Experimental and Control group by using the Purposive sampling technique. Nist, Diehl A test anxiety scale and a self-structured socio-demographic tool were used for collecting the data through the questioning method. After demonstrating the tensing toe relaxation technique to the experimental group, they were asked to practice for 2 weeks. The post- test was conducted at the end of two weeks. Results: Study findings show a reduction of test anxiety with (t = 6.02) (p = 0.000), which is highly significant at p 0.001, and also the unpaired t-test post-test values show a significant change at p 0.001. Furthermore, there is a significant association between the level of test anxiety and selected demographic variables at p <0.05. Conclusion: The Tensing toe relaxation technique is an effective intervention to reduce test anxiety.
A Comparative Study to Assess Knowledge and Perception Regarding Leucorrhoea among Women of Reproductive Age Group in Selected Rural and Urban Areas of Ludhiana, Punjab
Leucorrhoea is a thick, whitish vaginal discharge. It is a symptom, not a disease. Subjectively and objectively it is an expression of some underlying disorder, either functional or organic. A comparative study was conducted to assess the knowledge and perception regarding leucorrhoea among 100 women of reproductive age group by using convenience sampling technique. The finding of the present study revealed that highly positive co- relation was found between knowledge and perception regarding leucorrhoea, r = 0.8 for rural area and r= 0.9 for urban area, indicated the highly positive co- relation between knowledge and perception regarding leucorrhoea. Hence it is further recommended to this study on large sample for better generalization. Similar study can be conducted by using qualitative approach using in-depth interviews and on OPD patients i.e. with leucorrhea.
Knowledge on Use of Diaper and Its Impact on Child Health among Mothers of Infants
The present study aims to assess the knowledge on use of diaper and its impact on child health among mothers of infants. The objectives of the study was to assess the knowledge on use of diaper and its impact on child health among mothers of infants and to find out the association between the knowledge onuse of diaper and its impact of child health among the mothers of infants and selected socio personal variables. Non experimental descriptive study design was used in the study. The data was collected by using a semi structured questionnaire. The collected data was analysed using descriptive and inferential statistics. The result shows that out of 50 samples majority of the children are of age range 0-2 months, 52% were male children and was first born (54%). Majority of the sample are at age group 26-30 years ( 36%) , 58% samples are educated upto graduate level, 42% of samples were housewives and 48% have family income above 30,000, 94% of children were using disposable diapers ,42% of children using diapers for 3-4 hours and 80% children had no exposure to diaper rash. Among the samples, 56% of mother had moderate knowledge, 34% of mothers had poor knowledge and, 10% of mothers had good knowledge. There is significant association between the age of mother and occupation of mother and there is no association between age of child, sex of child, birth order of child, education of mother, income of family, type of diaper used, duration of diaper used, previous exposure to diaper rash.
Educating Nurses about Safety measures in Handling Chemotherapy Drugs: A Pre-experimental Study
Background: Chemotherapy is used to treat cancer. Occupational exposure to chemotherapy drugs produce many side effects and continue to be a hazard in health care setting. It is therefore highly important for oncology nurses to apply proper drug handling technique and procedures with great care to prevent such exposure. Objectives: 1. To assess the level of existing knowledge of student nurses regarding safety measures in handling of chemotherapy drugs. 2. To determine the post-test level knowledge of student nurses regarding safety measures in handling of chemotherapy drugs. 3. To evaluate the effectiveness of structured teaching programme on knowledge regarding safety measures in handling of chemotherapy drugs. 4. To associate the post-test knowledge scores of the student nurses regarding safety measures in handling of chemotherapy drugs with their selected demographic variables. Design: Pre-experimental one group pre test post test design was selected for the study. Fifty 2nd year GNM students were selected through non-probability convenience sampling technique. A self-structured knowledge questionnaire was used to collect the data. Result: Findings of the study revealed that 36(72%) participants had inadequate knowledge & 13(26%) participants had moderately adequate knowledge in pre test. 28(56%) of the participants had adequate knowledge and 22(44%) had moderately adequate knowledge in post test. The obtained “t” value -12.22 was found to be highly significant at p<0.05 level. Conclusion: Teaching programmes are effective in improving the knowledge and hence must be conducted at regular intervals to retain the information.
Effectiveness of Comfort Theory Model Based on Holistic Care for Hospitalized Children with Sickle Cell Disease Crises
Background: Children’s experience of hospital when suffering acute sickle cell crises can be improved by a comfort approach to nursing care. Aim and Design: The true experimental design approach was used to investigate the efficiency of comfort theory in improving the comfort level model for children with SCD crises. Sample and setting: A convenience sample was taken from children admitted at pediatric inpatient department of Benha University Hospital and Specialized Children Hospital, Benha city, Egypt during sickle cell crises. Data collection tool: Data collection was undertaken in a number of ways, including a demographic information form, patient Comfort Behaviors Checklist, Comfort Daisies Scale, and General Comfort Questionnaire, both pre- and post-theory intervention, based on the nursing process. Results: When compared to a control group, significant differences were observed in children with SCD crises post-comfort theory application. There was also a positive correlation between the children’s state of comfort and post-comfort theory intervention. An association was also noted between children in secondary education and at a higher economic level in comfort state at second observation, which was deemed to be the best comfort achievement. Conclusion and recommendations: Nursing care modelled on comfort theory can significantly improve children’s experience of hospitalization during sickle cell crises. The nursing of children should be holistic, and evaluate their physical, emotional, and psychological needs when addressing their level of comfort.
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Training program concern employ energetic learning strategies among Pediatric nursing students: developmental study
Abstract Background: Strengthening pediatric nursing students to keep pace with digital development so that they can choose an active learning strategy that suits their educational goals, identify educational resources, and have the ability toevaluate themselves. Purpose and design: This study was adopted a quasi-experimental pre and posttest equivalent experiment and control group, design to examine the effects of training programon developmental levelof pediatric nursing student’s related toemploy energetic learning strategies and self-efficacy. Sample and setting:hundred nursing students who enrolled in Pediatric Nursing course in nursing faculty, Benha university, Egypt. Instruments:Tool 1: The Learning and Study Strategies Inventory (LASSI) to measure learning and study practices and attitudes. Tool II: " Modified Short version self-efficacy (SES) to measure student’s self-efficacy. Tool III: "Modified Short version the flow state scale (FSS) to measure positive optimal experience experiment group only post applies on pediatric nursing course content. Results:There was statistically positive correlation between pediatric nursing students' female gender with urban residence and well-mannered developmental level concerning the Learning and Study Strategies Inventory, employs energetic learning strategies and their self-efficacy soon after training program. The majority of subgroup pediatric nursing students’ trial reported that high score and narrated efficiency learning strategies was animation videos and simulation in practical content and web/computer assisted learning and problem-based learning in theoretical content. Conclusion and recommendation: Research assert that training program was effective and linked with high developmental level of pediatric nursing students about employing active learning strategies and self-efficacy.Distributingthe content of the pediatric nursing curriculum on energetic learning strategies and directing students to learning the course according to the appropriate strategy type this is after their creativity in applying.
A Study to Assess the Incidence of Fre - Menstrual Syndrome (Pms) and Practice During Menstruation Among Adolescent Girls At Selected Institution, Salem
ABSTRACT: Descriptive research design was adopted for the study. The investigator selected 156 samples through nonprobability convenient sampling technique . The tool has three parts Section- A consists of Semi structured interview schedule to assess the demographic variables. Section- B was check list to assess Pre Menstrual Syndrome among adolescent girls. Section –C included Rating scale to assess the practice during menstruation among adolescent girls. The results of present study reveals that majority 98(73%) of adolescent girls experience irritability,headache 68(51%), anxiety41(30%), tension 83(62%), depression 51(38%), anger 85(63%), breast tenderness/Pain 49(36%),Impaired work activities 8(51%),and only 35(26%) adolescent girls have confusion as Pre Menstrual Symptoms before their menstruation . 156(100%) of them were having adequate practices during menstruation. There was no significant association found between level of practice during menstruation with their selected demographic variables such as age, and age at menarche, duration of menstruation, menstrual cycle, type of menstrual flow , experience of Pre Menstrual Syndrome, Dysmenorrhoea during menstruation