Prevalence and Occupational Determinants of Varicose Veins Among Nursing Students: A Cross-Sectional Study

Abstract

Background: Varicose veins are dilated, twisted veins most commonly affecting the lower limbs and are often associated with prolonged standing and physical strain. Nursing students, due to the nature of their clinical training, may be vulnerable to developing varicose veins; however, limited data exist on its prevalence in this group. Objective: This study aimed to assess the prevalence of varicose veins and identify associated occupational risk factors among nursing students. Methodology: A descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted among 60 final-year nursing students from a nursing college in Bangalore, Karnataka, selected through purposive sampling. Data were collected using a self-structured questionnaire covering sociodemographic and occupational factors (e.g., standing duration, physical activity), along with physical examination for varicose vein symptoms. Prevalence was determined through a combination of self-report and visual inspection. Data were analysed using descriptive and inferential statistics (significance set at p < 0.05). Results:Varicose veins were identified in 23 of 60 participants (38%). Among those affected, 70% were female and 30% were male. Prolonged standing (over 6 hours per day) was significantly associated with the presence of varicose veins (p < 0.05). In contrast, prolonged sitting and lower levels of physical activity showed weaker, non-significant associations. Conclusion: The study highlights a notable burden of varicose veins among nursing students and underscores the need for preventive education and ergonomic interventions during clinical training.