A Study on Clinical Profile of Euvolemic Hyponatremia in Elderly Hospitalized patient

Abstract

Background and Aim: The study aims to delineate the clinical characteristics and management challenges of euvolemic hyponatremia in the elderly hospitalized population, with a focus on improving patient outcomes through better understanding and treatment of this condition. Materials and Methods: This study was done on patients, who were admitted to Chalmeda Anand Rao Institute of Medical Sciences Hospital, Karimnagar during a period of 2 years. A total of 50 patients with Euvolemic Hyponatremia (29 male, 21 female) were studied. Results: Among 50 patients, 29 are male, accounting for 58%of the cases, while 21 are female, making up the remaining 42%. This indicates that euvolemic hyponatremia is more prevalent in males compared to females. Euvolemic hyponatremia in elderly hospitalized patients reveals that the highest incidence occurs in the 71-80 years age group, which accounts for 50% of the cases, the prevalence decreases with age, with the 61-70 years group comprising 44% of the patients, and > 80 years groups each representing 6% of the total. Syndrome of inappropriate antidiuretic hormone secretion (SIADH) is a cause in 18% of patients, with drug-induced hyponatremia and hypothyroidism affecting 16% and 14%, respectively. Conclusion: This study offers a comprehensive examination of the clinical profile of euvolemic  hyponatremia in elderly hospitalized patients. The most common symptoms of lethargy, dizziness, underscore the need for vigilant monitoring, particularly given that asymptomatic cases are frequent. The identification of SIADH, drug-induced hyponatremia, and hypothyroidism as common underlying causes emphasizes the necessity of thorough diagnostic evaluation.